英语比较until和till表示"一…就…"的结构

英语比较until和till表示"一…就…"的结构
1. 比较while, when, as
（1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。
（2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用a s 或 whi le。例如：
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 赶完活后，你可以休息一下。
（3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。例如：
As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
2.比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

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否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
（1）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。例如：
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
（2）It is not until… that… 。例如：
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
3.表示"一…就…"的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。例如：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。例如：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

1. 打电话
A: Hello! May I speak to Tom? B: Hold on, please.
A: Is that Mary speaking? B: She isn' t here right now. Can I take a message for you?
2.就餐
A: Would you like some more meat? / Help yourself to some more meat.
B: Thank you. I've had enough. / Just a little, please.
3. 看病
A: What’s the matter? / What seems to be the trouble?
B: I don’t feel like eating./ I've got a cough. / I feel terrible （ bad）. / I don't feel well. / I've got a pain here. / It hurts here.
4. 购物
A: What can I do for you? / May (Can I )help you? B: I'd like to buy a dictionary.
A: How about this one? B: That's fine. I'll take it.
5. 问路和应答
A: Excuse me. Where's the washroom? / Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the post office?
B: Go down this street. Turn right / left at the second crossing.
Sorry, I don’t know. I am a s tranger here.
6. 谈论天气
A: What's the weather like today? / How's the weather in Beijing?
B: It's fine / cloudy / windy / rainy, etc. / It's rather warm (cold / hot). today, isn't it?
7. 处理交际中的障碍
Pardon.! / I beg your pardon. / Please say that again( more slowly.) What do you mean by…. ? / I'm sorry I can't follow you.
8. 提醒注意
You can’t ( mustn’t) smoke here. / No smoking!/ Wet paint!/ Mind your head (step) /
Take care!/ Be careful!/ Look out!
9. 同意和不同意
Certainly / Sure / Of course. / Yes, please. / That's a good idea. / I agree
No, I don't think so. / I'm afraid not. / I really can't agree with you. / No way (决不,没门)
10. 时间或日期和应答
A: What time is it now? / What's the time? B: It's about three.
A: What day is it today? B: It's Wednesday.
A: Excuse me. Have you got the time? B: Yes, it's six twenty.