英语阅读利用反义词猜词利用上下文语境猜词
1．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
例题1 Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends.
【答案与解析】此句是把Jane与她姐妹对比。Jane生性腼腆，不爱交际，而她姐姐却与之相反，那就是“爱交际的”了，这也就猜出gregarious的词义了。
例题2 In many nations there are two financial extremes (极端), from penury to great wealth.
【答案与解析】penury: the state of being very poor; poverty (贫穷; 贫困)
例题3 …A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.

D. A demand made by guests.

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【答案与解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。

2．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
例题1 
…Charlotte’s tale was inspired by the girls’ coin collection. "We’ve collected foreign coins for years – since our families went on holiday to Tenerife." she explains. "That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in. …
The underlined word "pesetas" in Paragraph 2 is a kind of _____.
A. story     B. collection     C. inspiration   D. foreign coin 
【答案与解析】选D。由原文中的Euro (欧元，欧洲统一货币)可推知该词是一种在欧元发行前使用的钱币。
例题2 
…The plants are about one meter apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best tea is got.…
68．In the first paragraph ,the word “pruning” means .
  A．regular cutting of the plants            C．regular use of chemicals
    B．frequent watering                    D．growing the plants high in the mountain
【答案与解析】选A。由此段中的 ① The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimeters high.②Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots, or young leaves. 便可猜出Pruning的词义为“剪枝．修剪”。
例题3
…“But,” said Kim, “I feel that since you are my superior, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do.” …
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “_____”.
A. full of respect                         B. too confident and rude
C. lacking in experience                   D. too shy and quiet
例题4 …“No crime whatsoever?” comments Mahoney today. “ I just don’t buy it.” Nor should he: in 1999 the U.S. Department of education had reports of nearly 400,000 serious crimes on or around our campuses. …
58. The underlined word “buy” in the third paragraph means _______
A. mind    B. admit    C. believe    D. expect
【答案与解析】选C。buy原意为“买，购买”，在此处根据语境可知意为“相信”。从本段第一句话可知，Mahoney持怀疑态度。后面列举的。400,000这个数字也表示出他的不相信。
特别提醒：在做英语阅读理解题时，一定要注意熟词生义！这类猜词题也常见于各年高考题当中。熟词生义比生词本身的障碍要大得多。原因有三：其一，高考对生词的数量有数量的规定，不得超过3％；其二，熟词生义很容易引起考生的误解；其三，熟词生义的数量没有限制。如果这种现象在一篇文章中出现得多，那就更难理解了。

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