前后参照迂回解题把握文章组织结构
2023-05-24 13:42:54
前后参照迂回解题把握文章组织结构
（1）形意结合，前后参照
完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符，形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多，其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时，应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合，然后再从形式上（如时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、固定搭配等）判断所选答案是否恰当，前后参照，连贯考虑，提高选择的准确率。比如：
Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩). She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her. They want to see how civilized she can 43 . Already she does many things a human being can do.
41空的选项是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均为形容词,都能修饰chimpanzee，根据下文，此黑猩猩在接受驯化，已经能做人能做的许多事，从而便可确定,她不再是普通的(ordinary)黑猩猩了。如果不前后参照，去辨别四个词的用法,是无法选出正确答案的。
（2）先易后难，迂回解题
做完形填空时，对于一时没有把握的题目，可以采用“迂回战术”，在题号前标上记号，先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题，同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文，帮助理解。这样，也许难题就不难了。
（3）把握文章组织结构主要是针对语篇题。做题时，要把准文章作者发展脉络，文章的起承转合，要注意段落与段落之间，句与句之间的内在逻辑联系，领悟暗示，选对答案。
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__. As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__.
21. A. between B. before C. since D. later
22. A. after B. by C. during D. until
23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure
【答案】21. A22. D 23. C
（4）了解生活常识，确定相关知识
Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30
A. check B.read C. keep D.sign
【答案】B
【解析】外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中paper即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键,有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为B。
（5）必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物
（6）全文贯通，复查核定
做完题目后，要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法：1.不看已选的答案，再把所有的题目做一遍，然后看看两个答案是否一致，如不一致，再仔细比较鉴别；2.把答案代入短文细读一遍，看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合，再把每个空白处与它相对应的4个答案一一对照。
总之，要提高完形填空的解题水平，除了上面介绍的方法技巧外，在平时的学习实践中，一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目, 如定语从句状语从句非谓语动词名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活,概念清楚。二要有计划，有目的地训练，加强阅读，提高速度，培养语感,在实践中感悟的辨析，搭配，学会对文章进行逻辑判断及推理，既要看懂表层意思，更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤，由简到难，由短到长地进行有针对性的专项训练，材料要精选，解题要限时，体裁要多样，运用正确的解题方法与技巧。四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒，解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。
When I settled in Chicago，my new city seemed so big and unfriendly, Then I had a 1 problem and had to go to hospital for a 2 examination.
It seemed a small 3 compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go 4 right from the beginning , Not having a car or 5 the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B, 6 I’d left myself plenty of time, soon it was 7 I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the 8 direction.
I 9 the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do, I look into the eyes of a 10 who was trying to get past me, 11 instead of moving on , she stopped to ask if I was 12 , After I explained my 13 to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street , where a bus would take me back into the city to my 14 . Sitting there waiting, I felt 15 that someone had been willing to help. 16 , hearing a horn（喇叭） nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend 17 at me to get in, She had returned to offer me a 18 to the hospital.
Such unexpected 19 from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive, As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose 20 , for all things are possible.
1. A. physical B. traveling C. social D. housing
2. A. scientific B. final C. previous D. Thorough
3. A. chance B. challenge C. success D. error
4. A. wrong B. easy C. fast D. Ahead
5. A. leaving B. visiting C. knowing D. Appreciating
6. A. Although B. Since C. Unless D. Once
7. A. strange B. necessary C. obvious D. Important
8. A. same B. right C. general D. opposite
9. A. looked at B. waited for C. got off D. ran into
10. A. driver B. friend C. stranger D. Gentleman
11. A. Especially B. Surprisingly C. Probably D. Normally
12. A. nervous B. excited C. OK D. Dangerous
13. A. idea B. motivation C. excuse D. Situation
14. A. appointment B. apartment C. direction D. Station
15. A. afraid B. grateful C. certain D. Disappointed
16. A. Thus B. Then C. Perhaps D. Surely
17.A. staring B. laughing C. waving D. Shouting
18. A. lift B. suggestion C. bike D. Guidebook
19. A. results B. news C. kindness D. appearance
20. A. power B. faith C. touch D. Support
